Minoxidil: The molecule
Oral minoxidil has become an increasingly studied clinical research topic for its potential in treating not only androgenetic hair loss but also other forms of hair loss. The promising results observed in patients with FPHL (Female Pattern Hair Loss) and MPHL (Male Pattern Hair Loss) have prompted scientists to further explore its efficacy and safety.
Recent Advances in Oral Minoxidil Research
Several studies have highlighted the benefits of oral minoxidil, emphasizing significant improvement rates. For instance, a study by Jimenez-Cauhe et al. reported an improvement in hair density in 61 to 86% of patients treated for FPHL with oral minoxidil doses ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 mg per day. Another study demonstrated the effectiveness of oral minoxidil in doses of 2.5 to 5 mg per day in men with MPHL, yielding very good results either as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments.
Mechanisms of Action of Oral Minoxidil
Minoxidil is well-known for its vasodilatory action, but its exact mechanisms in stimulating hair growth are complex and subject to ongoing research. It is believed that minoxidil activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and may induce the proliferation of hair follicle cells, as well as prolong the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle.
Safety Profiles and Side Effects
The safety profiles of oral minoxidil have been carefully studied. While hypertrichosis, lower limb edema, and dizziness are among the reported side effects, they generally remain rare and manageable. Caution is advised, especially in patients with cardiovascular conditions, and clinical monitoring is recommended when initiating treatment.
Latest Developments and Future Perspectives
Recent studies have also begun to explore the use of oral minoxidil to treat scarring alopecia, where it shows potential thanks to its anti-fibrotic properties. However, these applications are still experimental and require further research to establish clear and safe treatment protocols.
Oral minoxidil positions itself as a promising and versatile alternative in the treatment of hair loss. The data gathered so far offer hope to those seeking effective solutions against hair loss. With ongoing research and a better understanding of its mechanism of action, oral minoxidil could well establish itself as a cornerstone in the treatment of various forms of hair loss.
Sources
1. **Oral Minoxidil Treatment for Hair Loss: A Review of Efficacy and Safety**
[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33639244/)
2. **Safety of Low-Dose Oral Minoxidil for Hair Loss: A Multicenter Study of 1404 Patients**
[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33639244/)
3. **Efficacy and Safety of Oral Minoxidil 5 mg Once Daily in the Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia**
[NCBI](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8654823/)
4. **Role of Oral Minoxidil in Patterned Hair Loss**
[PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227011/)
5. **Oral Minoxidil: My Experience**
- Dr. Christian BISANGA, BHR Clinic Belgium